John 2.12-17 - First Conflict: First Cleansing

[12  After this He went down to Capernaum, He and His mother and His brothers and His disciples; and they stayed there a few days.] [Family time] [Mom is present], but where’s Dad?  Joseph does not show up even one time in John’s book.  Not once.  These are arguably the biggest most important days of Jesus’ life (to this point).  And he’s missing it!  He’s absent.  We know he started out well.  He stayed with Mary, and fathered Jesus just like he would have his own son.  So something happened.  Maybe he died.  That’s a distinct possibility.  Maybe he couldn’t get the time off?  Or maybe he got distracted.  Maybe he got busy, putting career in front of his wife and kids?  Dads, insofar is possible w you, we need to be present [unlike Adam].  Maybe you’ve been absent - but tomorrow is a new day.  [Best gift for mom?  Presence]  By the grace and power Christ gives, don’t be absent.  God will strengthen you to be present.  AND He heals.  He empowers forgiveness.  He restores the years the locust has eaten.  Maybe God will give you the grace to be present for someone else… We all need a dad.  Literally.  Someone who’s watching out for us, a protector, a provider.  Best of all, above all, even if our biological father isn’t in the picture - we have a Father-in-heaven [Psa. 68:5 A father to those who have no father, a judge of the widows, is God in his holy place. ].

[13  The Passover of the Jews was near, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem].  Jerusalem was ”down south”  for Jesus but you always “go up” to it - situated [on a hill].  Passover of course is the annual feast and celebration of when God brought His people out of slavery in Egypt, and in the process He gave them a picture of Messiah.  How God spared His people from the destroying angel when they had the [blood of the lamb around the door of their house].  And if you can, you want to celebrate in [Jerusalem]!  And here, at long last, here comes the true Lamb of God to celebrate the Feast that points to Him!

Now, none of the other Gospels mention THIS trip.  None of them mention this “other” temple cleansing.  The other three Gospels describe how Jesus does a similar cleansing after He triumphal-enters Jerusalem during the week right before He is crucified.  Some say that this difference is the biggest historical hurdle for John’s Gospel.  Were there two temple cleansings, or just one?

If there was only one temple cleansing, maybe the other three Gospels have it wrong?  Not likely.  OR, maybe John is using some “literary license” - maybe he includes the event here because of how it reinforces what he’s trying to show us about Jesus?  It’s possible - John does jump around back and forth between topics sometimes.

But why can’t there be two temple cleansings?  This first cleansing gets Jesus on the radar as a bothersome zealot.  NOW He’s gone public.  The second, 3yrs from this one, will be inexcusable - it will dump a bunch of fuel on the already-burning fires of execution.  For some reason, John only mentions this first one.  But this first cleansing develops Jesus ministry in two ways: 1) it kicks off the conflict that grows between Jesus and the religious establishment.  First conflict.  2) (as we’ll see next time, 18-19, 22) this cleansing strengthens belief in both the prophecies of the OT AND the prophetic words of Jesus.  Here we are, at the very beginning of His ministry, He’s just getting started, His crucifixion is still years away, and He’s already talking in very specific terms about His ultimate execution and resurrection.  Jesus is very clear about why He’s here, and where He’s going [how bout you and me?].  But so, first cleansing, first conflict - let’s see what has Jesus so hot and bothered…

[14 And He found in the temple those who were selling oxen and sheep and doves, and the money changers seated at their tables.] Think about this scene.  In the temple.  What is supposed to take place “in the temple”?  Sacrifice.  Incense.  Offering.  Worship.  Whose house?  The place where He had caused His holy Name to dwell [Is 56.7].  A special, sacred place.  And the focus is where?  But at this point, the bottom line for the House of God has become not Almighty God but the mighty dollar [or shekel].  It’s all about the Benjamins.  About selling and changing money.  

This wasn’t a new problem - it had been going on for centuries.  Sadly the religious leaders have a financial stake in this enterprise [and this problem persists, doesn’t it?].  People invariably shift the focus from being about Almighty God, to being about me.  Sometimes, it’s “what do I need to DO for God?"  And more often, it’s “what can I get from God?”  Either way, what’s in it for me?  It’s about me.  When in fact, this, all this, is all about Almighty God. [Is. 58:3-5  “‘Why have we fasted and You do not see? Why have we humbled ourselves and You do not notice?’ Behold, on the day of your fast you find your desire, and drive hard all your workers.’  Behold, you fast for contention and strife and to strike with a wicked fist. You do not fast like you do today to make your voice heard on high.  Is it a fast like this which I choose, a day for a man to humble himself? Is it for bowing one’s head like a reed and for spreading out sackcloth and ashes as a bed? Will you call this a fast, even an acceptable day to the LORD?][Ps. 46:10 “Cease striving and know that I am God; I will be exalted among the nations, I will be exalted in the earth.”]  Our rituals and rhythms, the disciplines and celebrations of our faith, are not about what WE can get out of it.  They’re not about me.  These are to help US focus on Him.  On the God Who made us for Himself.  They’re to help us see Him, know Him - because only in Him do we find true rest and our greatest heart’s desire.  But here, again right off the bat, Jesus sees at this feast that the focus is WAY off.

[15-16 And He made a scourge of cords, and drove them all out of the temple, with the sheep and the oxen; and He poured out the coins of the money changers and overturned their tables; and to those who were selling the doves He said, “Take these things away; stop making My Father’s house a place of business.”] What does Jesus do?  He makes a scourge.  A phragellion.  Gives us our word, flagellum.  Used to “flagellate” something.  It’s a whip.  Which maybe sounds extreme - but sometimes the Lord needs to resort to extreme measures to get our focus back on Him.  Take these things away, He says.  [Here we see The Extreme NO].  Perhaps there’s something in the temple of your life that ought not be there?  Extreme measures.  What are you prepared to do?  And then what? [1.29 - He will help you!]  Jesus then says, stop making My Father’s house a place of [emporium].  This is not a business, Jesus says.  Church, ministry is not a business.  Church is about people who are learning to make it all about the Lord.  But is "My Father's house" about a building?

[17 His disciples remembered that it was written, “Zeal for Your house will consume Me.”]  [This is The Extreme YES].  Zeal = to be hot/boiling about something.  Is Jesus’ zeal about a building tho?  Jesus is hot and bothered, for sure.  He’s bothered that people are hot into making money, making it about themselves, and not making it about the glory of God.  But this zeal/heat will DEVOUR Me, it says.  What if anything devours you?  What heats you up and eats you up?  A lot of things can do that to us.  Devour us, consume us.  Eat up our time and attention and money.  Some might insist that such extreme measures, giving ourselves in such an extreme way to anything cannot be healthy.  And for the most part, I would be inclined to agree - with one exception.  Right here.  It is clearly ok, God sanctioned in fact - to be hot and consumed for God’s “house” - not about a building per se - but for the God for Whom it stands.  For His Name.  For His cause.  For the things He cares about.  Like people.  The church, the family is the people.  Zealous for the Lord and His family.  Let Him do that in us.  Cuz He is worthy.  He is better.  So breathtakingly good.  Extreme devotion.  Like Jesus…

Cited verses:

John 1:29   The next day he *saw Jesus coming to him and *said, “Behold, ^athe Lamb of God who ^btakes away the sin of the world!

Is. 56:7  Even ^athose I will bring to My ^bholy mountain and ^cmake them joyful in My house of prayer.  Their burnt offerings and their sacrifices will be acceptable on ^dMy altar; for ^eMy house will be called a house of prayer for all the peoples.”

John 2.1-11 - (Second) First Sign

To this point, Jesus has shown up.  John the Witness told us Jesus is the [Lamb of God and the Son of God], that he saw the [Holy Spirit descend on Jesus] when he baptized Him.  Jesus has also been in the wilderness for 40 days w no food and tempted by the devil (not in John), and now He’s returned to Galilee, the region where He grew up [see a map?], AND a handful of guys are following Him.  Right after He gets back, He (and His new friends) are invited to a wedding - in Cana. [1-2].  Where John says Jesus does His first sign [11].  

Now, turning the water into wine, is kind of not the first sign/miracle from Jesus, that He is WAY more than just a normal person.  WE saw that last week, when Jesus sees [Nathanael under the fig tree] and KNOWS what he’s thinking.  But water-to-wine appears to be Jesus’ first PUBLIC miracle.  As far as we know, till now He hasn’t done any “miracle” outside of the inner circle of his friends and family (He must have done some other things around the house where he grew up.  Cuz Jesus’ MOTHER appears to have seen His ability to do the extra-ordinary, the supernatural.  Her words to Him are brief and full of expectation.  [3] “They have no wine.” [like my lovely wife saying to me, “I’m cold”, and she clearly is confident of my LESS-than-supernatural ability to do something about it!]).  But turning water into wine is different than knowing what someone is thinking.  [H2O --> C2H5OH - Jesus alters the very structure of water, introduces carbon OUT OF NOTHING!].  Here in Cana Jesus shows His power over the universe.  Over the elements themselves.  And this sign takes His disciples' faith to the next level.  Let’s take a look…

[4] Note Jesus’ reluctance: What to me and to you, woman?  There are multiple reasons why this sign maybe shouldn’t have happened.  1) [Cana] is out of the way.  Nothing else ever takes place in Cana in the Gospels.  2) One might say, well this is “just a wedding”, nothing life or death here.  3) Wine is not even a need.  They have “no wine”?  So?  Were they going to die of thirst?  Of course not.  Most of Jesus’ miracles address a point of need.  People are sick.  They’ve died.  They’re in danger.  They need food.  But, they have no wine? [more of a potential social disgrace for the host]   4) There appears to be a lack of relationship.  I think the relationship runs thru Jesus’ mom, the parents are close friends with Mary.  The host family doesn’t appear to notice or even know Jesus?  Mary really cares about the outcome of this reception.  5) But the biggest reason is, He says His hour is not yet come.  His hour is not yet come.  Which hour is that?  The hour of going public?  I think He knows that as soon as He DOES go public, His path proceeds straight to Calvary. [John 12:23 And Jesus answers them, saying, “The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified.”]  In the end, He doesn’t actually get much publicity out of this sign.  His disciples know.  Mary knows.  The servants know.  But nobody else knows.  So in a sense, Jesus is still mostly incognito.

A place out of time, out of the way: Why does Jesus go out of His way to this wedding, to help this party, these people who barely know Him, to meet a need that isn’t a need?  Not the time or place for His “coming out party”?  What to Me?  On the surface, not much?  But what to Mary?  Why does Jesus get involved?  Because Mary asks Him to.  Jesus cares about Mary AND He cares about what Mary cares about.  No matter how mundane.  Or seemingly unimportant, Jesus cares about the little things, cuz Jesus cares about you and me.  For her part, Mary knows to ask [Jn 16.24][Jam 4.2].  [5] “Whatever He says to you, do it.”  Notice Mary’s faith.  Her faith, AND her submission.  Mary didn’t know exactly what Jesus was going to do - but she clearly had learned that Jesus could do anything.  Jesus can do anything.  Whatever He says to you, do it.  The water becomes wine [6,7,9].  John tells it like it was no big deal.  Yeah, nothing much here - these [150 gallons] of water became wine.  But make no mistake, this was humanly impossible!  We're talking like ~2400 8oz glasses!

There is both quantity and quality to this miracle.  First, we see that Jesus’ power and provision are limitless.  Inexhaustible.  He has more power and provision in His little pinkie than there is in the entire universe.  In fact He literally doesn’t even have to lift a finger.  2400 glasses of wine, no sweat.  Nothing is too difficult for Him.  [Jer. 32:27 “Behold, I am the LORD, the God of all flesh; is anything too difficult for Me?”]  Um, no it is not.  What do YOU need Him to do?

But along with the inexhaustible quantity of His provision, there’s also unsurpassed quality.  [10] The steward of the dinner exclaims, the bridegroom has saved the best for last.  This second wine they brought out, JESUS’ wine, was SO good, it made the good wine that was served first, seem bad in comparison.  Jesus’ wine, His provision, is always better. 

We get it in our heads that this other thing, something Jesus didn’t provide, this is pretty good.  It tastes good enough.  It gets the job done.  It slakes my thirst.  Really?  Does it?  Could it be that we’re settling for second best?  Or worse?  Settling for something far inferior?  Jesus’ wine is way better, and often we don’t even realize it until we taste it.  All these wedding guests, they had no idea.  The headwaiter, had no clue how much better Jesus wine was going to be - until they tasted it.  Yeah, this tastes just fine.  It’s doing the trick.  And they were missing out on the good stuff.  Jesus offers the good stuff.  You think you’re drinking the good stuff?  If it’s not from Jesus, it is second rate.  No WAY it’s the Good Stuff.  Whatever it is you’re looking for IT to do, whatever need or desire you’re looking to fulfill, if IT isn’t from Jesus, it may as well be [“made in Wuhan”].  It is not as good, it is not going to last.  And it MAY be harmful.  So often we settle for second rate.  It’s good enough.  But sometimes the good is the enemy of the best.  And we are missing out.  

His provision is better - and His work is better.  There’s nothing shoddy in the work that Jesus does.  [He could have brought it in weak, but no!]  Jesus works everything together for good, for sure.  Let’s not forget the goal here [Phil 1.6].  Remember how everything started out?  Back in the garden?  “VERY good”?  Yeah - in fact it was all perfect.  He is perfect.  His goal is perfection.  Excellence.  And note the servants fill the pots up to the brim - that's excellence [Col 1.29].  That's our goal too, in all we do - or should be...

Jesus goes “out of His way” here - but He WAS invited.  Jesus does show up everywhere He’s invited [Matt. 18:20 “For where two or three have gathered together in My name, I am there in their midst.”].  You invite Him?  He’s there.  You invite Him into your life, He’s there [Rev 3.20 - I will come].  He goes out of His way when we invite Him - cuz WE are why He came in the first place.

That’s another thing I see here: Jesus is a trend-buster.  He’s not like everybody.  He’s not like anybody.  [10]  Every man does this - but YOU… I.e. Everybody else does this.  Everybody else thinks this.  But Jesus is like nobody else.  He doesn’t think that way.  He’s not going along w the crowd.  Not cutting corners, or settling for anything less than God’s best.  And now, if you’ve trusted in Him, He lives inside you.  And He wants to live thru you - if you’ll let Him.

In fact, let’s not miss what John says Jesus did here: He manifested His glory [11].  Shined a spotlight on it, made it clear and visible and front-and-center.  His breathtaking greatness and goodness.  This is what God’s been doing since the very creation of the universe, putting on a show of galactic greatness that we only need open our eyes to see.  What is He wanting to do in us? [1Cor 10.31]  Show off His glory.  Shine a spotlight on it.  In how many things to be glorified?  All things.  And sometimes, God Himself shines a HUGE spotlight on it.  That’s what John says happened here.  The Son of God revealed His glory.  First sign.  First glory.  And His disciples believed.  He is breathtakingly great!  Do you believe?

Some background...

The wedding ceremony is considered a serious religious event, while the wedding feast is considered a fun, lively celebration for the couple. It is expected and required for the guests to bring joy and festivities to the couple on their wedding day.  “One of the holiest days of a person’s life…”

Referenced verses:

John 16:24 “Until now you have asked for nothing in My name; ask and you will receive, so that your joy may be made full.

James 4:2 You lust and do not have; so you commit murder. You are envious and cannot obtain; so you fight and quarrel. You do not have because you do not ask.

Phil. 1:6 For I am confident of this very thing, that He who began a good work in you will perfect it until the day of Christ Jesus.

1Cor. 10:31   Whether, then, you eat or drink or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God.

Col. 1:29 For this purpose also I labor, striving according to His power, which mightily works within me.

1Cor. 15:10 But by the grace of God I am what I am, and His grace toward me did not prove vain; but I labored even more than all of them, yet not I, but the grace of God with me.

John 1:43-51 - First Disciples, First Sign?

Last time we met Jesus’ first “God•send”: Andrew, who went and told his brother Simon-Peter about Jesus (JTW told Andrew/John, they trusted him, but Jesus said to them, "Come and you will see" - 5 words and they were all in).  

Today we meet Jesus’ 2nd God•send: [43  The next day He purposed to go into Galilee, and He finds Philip. And Jesus says to him, “Follow Me.”][=walk the same road]  This appears to be Day 4 [cf v44].  In the Gospels, after P/A and J/J, Philip is always mentioned next.  The 5th apostle.  And Philip shows up several times in John’s book.  He is the first one (only one in John?) that Jesus “seeks out” [did He seek Andrew/John? Lk 19.10 - Jesus is always seeking each of us].  But why Philip?  What is it about Philip?  He probably knows Andrew and Peter.  When [the 5000] are hungry, Jesus turns to Philip.  But his biggest mention might be right here [45].  Philip is a God•send, just like Andrew.  Philip brings Nathanael to Jesus.  Philip hits the ground running, pointing people to Jesus.  Why?  “Come and see…” - Philip sees right away that Jesus is so good, so worth it.

Now, what about Nathanael?  We’re not sure who he is.  None of the [other Gospels] mention a Nathanael.  Most think he’s Bartholomew [=son of Tolmai].  But it doesn’t matter, cuz Jesus knows.  HE knows who Nathanael is.  As we’re about to see, Jesus knows everything about Nathanael, even before Philip brings Nathanael to meet Jesus.  And Jesus knows everything about each of us.

The first thing we see about Nathanael is he’s a skeptic. Or perhaps simply a realist.  Philip says the Messiah they’ve found is from Nazareth.  And Nathanael is skeptical that ANY good thing could come out of Nazareth. [46]  For good reason.  Nazareth was generally despised.  Commentators variously mention that it was known for housing a Roman garrison - that’s strike 1.  Some say that the Jews in Nazareth were known for throwing garbage in the streets (forcing the Romans to march through garbage - but thus it was a city of garbage - [slime, filth, putrescence]). Nazareth also had a reputation of being immoral.  But so to call someone a Nazarene was a slam.  So for unbelievers, referring to Christians as the “sect of the Nazarenes” was likely more about disrespect than it was about identity or geography.  A good translation would be, Is it possible for any good thing to be out of Nazareth?  [BTW, Where are you from? What’s your place of origin?  What’s your backstory?  Are you skeptical that the Lord could make something good come from there, from that?]

Nathanael’s comment actually speaks to one of the bigger questions we have in the Gospels.  Matthew mentions that Messiah would be called a Nazarene [Matt. 2:23 …This was to fulfill what was spoken through the prophets: “He shall be called a Nazarene.”].  But not ONE OT prophet mentions this.  The prophets do give us not a location but a description.  To call someone a Nazarene meant they were to be disrespected, rejected.  Matthew is saying, this is what the prophets [plural] say about Messiah [Is. 53:3  He was despised and forsaken of men.].  Can anything good come out of that forsaken place?  Nazarenes were despised. [still are] [But Philip's words echo: Come and see…!]

So, yeah, Nathanael is a skeptic - but to his credit, he is willing to come and see!  And he IS a spiritual person [47-48].  Where does Jesus see him?  “Under a fig tree”  What do people do under a [fig tree]?  Dodge falling figs?  Well in those days one thing people did under figs trees was to meditate.  But there’s more going on here…  Jesus first says, behold, an Israelite in whom is no guile/deceit.  Okay - for sure, Jesus would certainly know that about a person.  But Nathanael doesn’t know who this Nazarene is, so he’s like, how do you know me?  Literally, from where do you know me?  Have we met?  How would you even know anything about me?

And Jesus is like, before Philip called you, I saw you, you were sitting underneath that fig tree.  Jesus always sees us.  And right out of the gate Jesus has blown Nathanael’s mind.  Whoa.  [49] Look at his response: You ARE the Son of God.  You ARE the King of Israel.  Why such an EXTREME declaration?  Now, maybe someone would respond that way, just by Jesus saying, yeah, I saw you in that place.  But there’s something more amazing going on here.  Jesus begins by saying, behold, check it out - an Israelite in whom there is no deceit.  A son, a descendant of Israel.  UNLIKE Israel/Jacob himself, who started out as a notorious deceiver.  I think Jesus is saying, not only did I see you under that fig tree, meditating - I know what you were meditating on.  You were thinking about Jacob the Deceiver, and about the scene in [Gen. 28:12-14 (Jacob) had a dream, and behold, a ladder was set on the earth with its top reaching to heaven; and behold, the angels of God were ascending and descending on it…].  Jesus uses the same exact phrase in [51], describing this ladder reaching up to heaven.  I think this is why Nathanael is so convinced of Jesus’ identity when Jesus describes him as having no deceit when He saw Nathanael under the fig tree.  Jesus knows what we’re thinking.

Just like the Lord did with Jacob, already Jesus has twice looked at people and looked beyond the surface, beyond their current reality, beyond their mess, beyond their past, and looked at the miracle God made them to be.  At the work of amazing transformation He wants to do in their life thru Christ.  Simon, you are rash and impulsive - but you are going to be like a rock.  Nathanael, you speak your mind - but God is going to take your honesty and make you a true heir of the promises of Israel.  And God wants to work His glorious transformation in us too!  “Seeing” Nathanael I think is the first REAL miracle from Jesus (unless you count the fulfilled prophecy(ies)?).  And THIS miracle turns Nathanael from skeptic [Nazareth?] to believer [Son of God/King of Israel - Ps 2].

1) Jesus says, I see you, I know what you’re thinking, I know what you’re doing.  And wherever you are, I know what you’re going thru.  And you may be wondering, well then why doesn’t He do something about it?  He is.  He is.  But Jesus lives on Heaven Standard Time [clock vs hourglass][patience! 2Pet 3.9].  He is patiently working a greater weight of glory than you and I can even imagine.  [2Cor 4.17]

2) Jesus tells Nathanael, you think THIS is amazing?  Truly, truly, you are gonna see greater things than these.  John in his book gives us 25 double trulys from Jesus.  Verily-verily.  Truths to be believed even tho at first they sound incredible [Greek: Amen, Amen].  Amen is the Hebrew word for truth [Is. 65:16  “Because he who is blessed in the earth will be blessed by the God of truth; and he who swears in the earth will swear by the God of truth; because the former troubles are forgotten, and because they are hidden from My sight!][In Hebrew: "God truth" = elohim amen].  This is the first time Jesus drops this "Truth Truth" phrase - [51].  Truth, truth, Nathanael - this is going to sound incredible, but this is SO true, so believe this: you are actually going to see angels ascending and descending on the Son of Man.  Jesus is certainly saying, stick with Me and you’re gonna see glory.  But He’s also saying, that [ladder] you were thinking about under that tree, the one that Jacob saw in his dream, even tho he was so deceitful?  Angels ascending and descending?  That stairway to heaven, so to speak?  Nathanael, you’re gonna see angels ascending and descending on ME.  Cuz in truth, I AM the Ladder.  I’m the (stairway)Way to Heaven.  Jacob the deceiver was given a glimpse of Me; I’m his Descendant in Whom all the families of the earth would be blessed.  Now you’ve seen Me in person.  And you’re in for glimpses of greatness…!  Jesus is the Way to Heaven - and the Way to glimpse greater things. This is Who John is showing us - the [Word Who was God], Who is the Life and Light of Men, the Lamb of God Who takes away all our sin, the one and only Son of God.  He is the Ladder - and if we want to see greater things, if we want to see Heaven - we look to Him.

Verses to reference:

2Cor. 4:17 For momentary, light affliction is producing for us an eternal weight of glory far beyond all comparison.

Acts 1:13 Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon the Zealot, and Judas the son of James.

Matt. 10:2-4  Now the names of the twelve apostles are these: The first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; and James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; 3 Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; 4 Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot, the one who betrayed Him.

Mark 3:16 And He appointed the twelve: Simon (to whom He gave the name Peter), 17 and James, the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James (to them He gave the name Boanerges, which means, “Sons of Thunder”); 18 and Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon the Zealot; 19 and Judas Iscariot, who betrayed Him.

Luke 6:14 Simon, whom He also named Peter, and Andrew his brother; and James and John; and Philip and Bartholomew; 15 and Matthew and Thomas; James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon who was called the Zealot; 16 Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot, who became a traitor.

Summary ordered listings of the Apostles in the Gospels/Acts:

Matthew Mark Luke Acts

Simon Peter Simon Peter Simon Peter Peter

Andrew James bZ Andrew John

James bZ John James James

John Andrew John Andrew

Philip Philip Philip Philip

Bartholomew Bartholomew Bartholomew Thomas

Thomas Matthew Matthew Bartholomew

Matthew Thomas Thomas Matthew

James bA James bA James bA James bA

Thaddeus Thaddeus Simon Z Simon Z

Simon Z Simon Z Judas bJ Judas bJ

Judas I Judas I Judas I Judas I